Adora 500 mg

Description

Indications
Adora (Cefadroxil) is prescribed for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including:

• Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis
• Bronchopneumonia and Bacterial Pneumonia
• Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections, such as pyelonephritis and cystitis
• Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, including abscesses, furunculosis, impetigo, erysipelas, pyoderma, and lymphadenitis.

Use only as directed by a registered physician.

Pharmacology
Cefadroxil acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), blocking the final transpeptidation step in peptidoglycan synthesis, which is essential for bacterial cell wall integrity. This disruption leads to bacterial cell death.

Dosage & Administration
The dosage of Cefadroxil is determined by the severity of the infection, pathogen susceptibility, and the patient’s clinical condition, including renal and hepatic function.

• Streptococcal Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis:
  • Adults and adolescents (>40 kg) with normal renal function: 1000 mg once daily for at least 10 days. Dosage may be adjusted.
  • Children (<40 kg) with normal renal function: 30 mg/kg/day in a single dose for at least 10 days.
• Bronchopneumonia, Bacterial Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infections, Skin & Soft Tissue Infections:
  • Adults and adolescents (>40 kg) with normal renal function: 1000 mg twice daily.
  • Children (<40 kg) with normal renal function: 30-35 mg/kg/day divided into two doses. Higher dosages up to 100 mg/kg/day may be required in severe cases.
• Maximum Dosage: Adults may require an increased dosage depending on infection severity, up to a maximum of 4 g/day. Chronic urinary tract infections may necessitate prolonged and intensive treatment with continuous monitoring.
• Renal Impairment: Dosage should be adjusted based on creatinine clearance:
  • 50-25 ml/min: 500-1000 mg every 12 hours.
  • 25-10 ml/min: 500-1000 mg every 24 hours.
  • 10-0 ml/min: 500-1000 mg every 36 hours.
  • Children with renal impairment: Not recommended.
• Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: Hemodialysis removes approximately 63% of a 1000 mg dose within 6-8 hours. An additional dose of 500-1000 mg should be administered post-dialysis.
• Hepatic Impairment: No dosage adjustment is required.
• Elderly Patients: Dosage may need adjustment based on renal function.
• Mode of Administration: Cefadroxil can be taken with or without food. If gastrointestinal discomfort occurs, administration with food is recommended.
• Duration of Therapy: Treatment should continue for 2-3 days after symptom resolution. Streptococcus pyogenes infections may require up to 10 days of treatment.

Use only as directed by a registered physician.

Drug Interactions

• Anticoagulants: May prolong prothrombin time and increase the risk of bleeding.
• Probenecid: May reduce renal clearance of Cefadroxil, leading to increased plasma levels.

Contraindications
Cefadroxil is contraindicated in:

• Patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
• Individuals with severe reactions to penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
• Combination with bacteriostatic antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline, erythromycin, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol) due to possible antagonistic effects.
• Concurrent use with aminoglycosides, polymyxin B, colistin, or high-dose loop diuretics due to nephrotoxicity risk.

Cefadroxil does not penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is not suitable for treating meningitis. Caution is advised in patients with severe allergies, asthma, renal impairment, or gastrointestinal disorders, particularly colitis. Prolonged use may require regular monitoring of blood count, hepatic, and renal function. Discontinue use if allergic reactions occur.

Side Effects

• Infections: Uncommon cases of vaginal mycoses and thrush.
• Hematologic Disorders: Rare cases of eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, and very rare occurrences of hemolytic anemia.
• Immune System: Rare serum sickness-like reactions; very rare anaphylactic shock.
• Nervous System: Very rare occurrences of headache, sleeplessness, dizziness, and nervousness.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, and glossitis. Very rare cases of pseudomembranous colitis.
• Hepatobiliary Disorders: Rare occurrences of cholestasis and hepatic failure.
• Skin Disorders: Common reactions include rash, pruritus, and urticaria. Very rare cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and erythema multiforme.
• Musculoskeletal Disorders: Rare cases of arthralgia.
• Renal Issues: Rare occurrences of interstitial nephritis.
• General Reactions: Fever (rare) and fatigue (very rare).

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Although animal studies suggest no teratogenic effects, safety in pregnancy has not been fully established.
• Cefadroxil is excreted in low concentrations in breast milk, with potential risks of sensitization, diarrhea, or fungal colonization in infants. Use during pregnancy and lactation should be considered with caution.

Precautions & Warnings

• Cefadroxil binds to cholestyramine, potentially reducing its bioavailability.
• Co-administration with probenecid may reduce renal clearance, leading to increased plasma levels.
• Long-term use requires monitoring for secondary infections such as fungal overgrowth.
• Discontinue use immediately if severe diarrhea occurs, as this may indicate antibiotic-associated colitis.

Overdose Effects
While no specific clinical data is available on Cefadroxil overdose, symptoms may resemble those observed with other cephalosporins, including nausea, hallucinations, hyperreflexia, extrapyramidal symptoms, altered consciousness, or coma. Renal impairment may also occur.

Therapeutic Class
First-Generation Cephalosporins.

Storage Conditions

• Store in a dry place, protected from light and heat.
• Keep out of reach of children.

Use only as directed by a registered physician.