Bactin 250 mg

Description

Indications

Bactin is prescribed for the treatment of infections caused by single or mixed organisms susceptible to ciprofloxacin. It is particularly useful in cases where infections are resistant to other antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, penicillins, and cephalosporins. The medication is effective against a variety of bacterial infections, including those that involve multiple pathogens.

Note: Always consult with a registered healthcare provider before using this medication.

Pharmacology

Ciprofloxacin, the active ingredient in Bactin, is a synthetic quinolone anti-infective agent that exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. It is highly effective against gram-negative aerobic bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ciprofloxacin also demonstrates activity against gram-positive aerobic bacteria, including penicillinase-producing, non-penicillinase-producing, and methicillin-resistant staphylococci. However, it is less effective against many strains of streptococci.

The bactericidal effect of Ciprofloxacin arises from its inhibition of the DNA gyrase enzyme, which is crucial for bacterial DNA replication. After oral administration, Ciprofloxacin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract and is widely distributed throughout body tissues and fluids. Its half-life is approximately 3.5 hours. About 30% to 50% of the administered dose is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours, along with biologically active metabolites.

Dosage

The dosage of Bactin (Ciprofloxacin) depends on the severity and type of infection, the susceptibility of the causative organisms, and the patient’s age, weight, and kidney function. Here are general dosage guidelines:

• Adults:

  • Typical dosage: 100-750 mg twice daily.
  • For urinary tract infections (UTIs): 250-500 mg twice daily.
  • For respiratory tract infections: 250-500 mg twice daily; for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, 750 mg twice daily.
  • For gonorrhea: A single dose of 250-500 mg.
  • For cystic fibrosis with pseudomonal infections: 750 mg twice daily.
  • Other infections: 500-750 mg twice daily.

• Children and Adolescents:
  Ciprofloxacin is not recommended for use in children due to the potential for joint damage. However, if deemed necessary, the dosage is usually between 7.5-15 mg/kg/day, divided into two doses.

• Impaired Renal Function:
  For patients with severe renal impairment (serum creatinine >265 micromol/l or creatinine clearance <20 ml/minute), the total daily dose should be reduced by half, and drug serum levels should be monitored.

• Extended-release tablets:
  For uncomplicated urinary tract infections, the recommended dose is 1000 mg once daily for 3 days.

• Intravenous (IV) Infusion:
  The recommended dosages for various infections are as follows:

  • Urinary Tract Infection:
    • Mild to moderate: 200 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
    • Severe or complicated: 400 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
  • Respiratory Tract Infection:
    • Mild to moderate: 400 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
    • Severe or complicated: 400 mg every 8 hours for 7-14 days.
  • Other infections (such as skin, bone, joint, intraabdominal, etc.) have different durations and dosages, ranging from 7-14 days depending on severity.

Administration

For IV Infusion:

1. Inspect the IV bag for any leaks or damage. If any leaks are found, discard the solution.
2. Ensure the solution is clear and free of precipitates before use.
3. Do not use flexible bags in series connections.
4. Attach the administration set to the bag, ensuring a secure connection.
5. Regulate the infusion rate by adjusting the flow control clamp.

Note: Always use this medication as prescribed by a registered healthcare provider.

Interactions

Avoid taking Bactin concurrently with medications containing magnesium, aluminum, calcium, iron, or zinc (e.g., antacids, sucralfate). These can interfere with the absorption of ciprofloxacin. It’s recommended to take these medications at least 2 hours after or 6 hours before Bactin. Additionally, Bactin should not be taken with milk or dairy products, as these may significantly reduce its absorption.

Contraindications

Bactin should not be used by individuals who are allergic or hypersensitive to ciprofloxacin or any other quinolone antibiotics.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Bactin include:

• Gastrointestinal disturbances: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal discomfort.
• Central nervous system effects: Headache, dizziness, confusion, fatigue, and in rare cases, convulsions and retinal detachment.
• Hypersensitivity reactions: Skin rash, itching, and in rare cases, serious conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
• Other effects: Joint pain, mild photosensitivity, temporary liver enzyme elevations, and increased levels of bilirubin, urea, or creatinine.
• Risk of hypoglycemia and mental health-related side effects.

Pregnancy & Lactation

While animal studies have shown no significant teratogenic effects, Bactin should not be used during pregnancy due to the potential risk of arthropathy in developing animals. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in breast milk, so nursing mothers should avoid its use.

Precautions & Warnings

Use Bactin with caution in patients with a history of CNS disorders, such as epilepsy or arteriosclerosis, or those prone to seizures. Always hydrate well while taking the medication.

Avoid concurrent use with dairy products, magnesium/aluminum antacids, or sucralfate, as they can interfere with the absorption of the drug.

Note: Always consult a healthcare provider before starting this medication.

Overdose Effects

Symptoms of overdose may include seizures, hallucinations, abdominal discomfort, renal and hepatic impairment, and issues such as crystalluria and hematuria. In case of overdose, symptomatic and supportive treatment should be provided.

Therapeutic Class

• 4-Quinolone Antimicrobial Agents
• Anti-diarrheal Antimicrobial Drugs

Storage Conditions

Store Bactin below 30°C, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.