Betabis 2.5 mg

Description

Indications

Betabis 2.5 mg Tablet is primarily prescribed for the management of:

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
• Angina (Chest Pain)
• Moderate to Severe Heart Failure

Please note, Betabis 2.5 mg is not recommended for use in the emergency treatment of hypertensive crises.

Always consult a registered healthcare provider before use.

Pharmacology

Betabis 2.5 mg Tablet contains Bisoprolol Fumarate, a highly selective β1-adrenergic blocker. Bisoprolol exhibits a superior affinity for β1 receptors compared to other beta-blockers, effectively blocking these receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscles. This leads to a reduction in heart rate and cardiac output, helping to decrease arterial hypertension.

One of the key advantages of Bisoprolol is that, unlike non-selective β-blockers, it does not adversely affect lipid metabolism or alter cholesterol fractions, including cardioprotective HDL-cholesterol, over the long term.

Pharmacokinetic Properties:

• Absorption: Bisoprolol is absorbed rapidly and almost completely (over 90%) from the gastrointestinal tract, with an absolute bioavailability of around 88%. Its absorption is not affected by food.
• Distribution: Bisoprolol is widely distributed in the body, with a medium volume of distribution of 3.51 L/kg.
• Metabolism: Bisoprolol is metabolized in the liver through oxidative processes, mainly by the enzyme CYP3A4. The metabolites formed are inactive.
• Elimination: Bisoprolol is eliminated primarily via the kidneys (50%) and liver (50%). It has a half-life of 10 to 12 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing.

Dosage and Administration

• Adults: For the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, the usual starting dose of Betabis 2.5 mg is 5 mg once daily, either alone or in combination with a diuretic. If the response is insufficient, the dose may be increased to 10 mg, and if necessary, up to 20 mg daily. The dose can be adjusted every two weeks. Doses exceeding 20 mg daily offer only minimal additional benefit.

• Children: The safety and efficacy of Betabis 2.5 mg Tablet in children have not been established.

• Patients with Renal or Hepatic Impairment: In patients with liver diseases (e.g., cirrhosis or hepatitis) or kidney dysfunction (e.g., creatinine clearance less than 40 mL/min), the initial dose should be 5 mg once daily. Caution should be exercised when increasing the dose, as the drug may accumulate in these patients. Bisoprolol is not dialyzable, so no adjustment is needed for dialysis patients.

• Elderly: Generally, no dose adjustment is needed unless there is significant renal or hepatic dysfunction.

Always follow the advice of your registered healthcare provider.

Drug Interactions

• Other β-Blockers: Do not combine Betabis 2.5 mg with other β-blockers.
• Catecholamine-Depleting Drugs: Use caution when co-administering with drugs like reserpine or guanethidine, as the combined β-blocking effects could lead to excessive suppression of sympathetic activity.
• Centrally Active Antihypertensive Agents: The combination of Betabis and clonidine (a central antihypertensive) may lead to rebound hypertension when clonidine is withdrawn. If these drugs must be used together, Betabis should be discontinued a few days before stopping clonidine.
• Calcium Channel Blockers & Antiarrhythmic Agents: Caution is needed when used with myocardial depressants (e.g., certain calcium channel blockers like verapamil) or antiarrhythmic drugs such as disopyramide, as they may enhance negative effects on heart conduction and function.

Contraindications

Betabis 2.5 mg Tablet should not be used in patients with:

• Cardiogenic shock
• Severe heart failure
• Second- or third-degree A-V block
• Right ventricular failure due to pulmonary hypertension
• Sinus bradycardia

Side Effects

Common side effects may include:

• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, or abdominal pain)
• Cold or numb extremities (hands and feet)
• Muscle weakness or cramps
• Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
• Breathing difficulties (particularly in patients with asthma or COPD, due to bronchospasm)

Pregnancy and Lactation

• Pregnancy: Animal studies show no teratogenic effects at high doses, but Bisoprolol has been shown to be fetotoxic and maternotoxic at certain doses in rats. Due to limited data in pregnant humans, Betabis 2.5 mg should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the risks to the fetus.

• Lactation: Small amounts of Bisoprolol have been detected in the milk of lactating rats. It is not known whether Bisoprolol is excreted in human milk, so caution is advised if the drug is used by breastfeeding mothers.

Precautions & Warnings

• Renal and Hepatic Impairment: Patients with liver or kidney conditions should have their dose adjusted carefully. Regular monitoring is advised.
• Anaphylaxis: Patients with a history of severe allergic reactions may not respond well to epinephrine while on Betabis.
• Discontinuation: Do not abruptly stop Betabis without medical supervision as it may cause sudden spikes in blood pressure, increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke.

Therapeutic Class

• Beta Blockers (Beta-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents)

Storage Instructions

Store in a cool, dry place, away from light and heat. Keep out of the reach of children.

Chemical Structure

• Molecular Formula: C18H31NO4

Frequently Asked Questions

• What is Betabis 2.5 mg Tablet?
  Betabis 2.5 mg Tablet is a beta-blocker used to treat high blood pressure, chest pain, and heart failure by slowing the heart rate and relaxing blood vessels.

• How should I take Betabis 2.5 mg Tablet?
  Take one tablet daily, with or without food. For best results, take it at the same time every day.

• What are the side effects?
  Side effects may include dizziness, fatigue, headache, and cold extremities. In rare cases, breathing difficulties may occur, especially in those with asthma or COPD.

• Is Betabis 2.5 mg Tablet safe for diabetics?
  While Betabis 2.5 mg Tablet is generally safe, diabetics should monitor their blood sugar closely, as beta-blockers can mask symptoms of low blood sugar.

• Can I stop taking Betabis 2.5 mg Tablet abruptly?
  No, stopping the medication suddenly can increase the risk of a heart attack or stroke. Always follow your healthcare provider’s guidance.

Always follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider.