Bisocor 2.5 mg

Description

Indications
Bisocor 2.5 mg Tablet is prescribed for the treatment of:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Angina (chest pain)
• Moderate to severe heart failure
  Bisocor is not recommended for use in the emergency treatment of hypertensive crises.
  Always follow the guidance of a registered healthcare provider when taking this medicine.

Pharmacology
Bisocor 2.5 mg contains Bisoprolol Fumarate, a highly selective Beta-1 adrenergic blocker (Beta-blocker). It is one of the most selective Beta-1 blockers, showing the highest affinity for the Beta-1 receptor compared to other beta-blockers. This selective blocking action specifically targets the heart and blood vessels, reducing the heart rate and cardiac output, which in turn helps lower blood pressure.
Unlike non-selective beta-blockers, Bisoprolol does not affect lipid metabolism and maintains the beneficial HDL cholesterol levels over long-term treatment.

The pharmacokinetic profile of Bisoprolol allows for a single daily dose due to its consistent plasma concentration with low variability among individuals, ensuring reliable therapeutic effects.

• Absorption & Bioavailability:
  Bisoprolol is almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (over 90%). With a low first-pass effect (less than 10%), it has an absolute bioavailability of 88%. Food intake does not significantly alter its absorption.

• Distribution:
  Bisoprolol is widely distributed throughout the body, with an average distribution volume of 3.51 L/kg.

• Metabolism:
  It is metabolized in the liver through oxidative pathways, yielding metabolites that are polar and eliminated via the kidneys. Major metabolites found in plasma and urine have no pharmacological activity.

• Elimination:
  The elimination of Bisoprolol is balanced between renal (50%) and hepatic (50%) clearance, with a total clearance rate of approximately 15 L/h. The drug has an elimination half-life of 10-12 hours.

Dosage & Administration

• Adults:
  For treating mild to moderate hypertension, the typical starting dose is 5 mg once daily, which may be taken alone or in combination with a diuretic. If the response is insufficient, the dose can be gradually increased to 10 mg or up to 20 mg daily, depending on the patient’s needs. The dose adjustment should be made with an interval of at least 2 weeks. Increasing the dose beyond 20 mg daily yields minimal additional benefits.

• Children:
  The safety and efficacy of Bisocor in children have not been established.

• Patients with Renal or Hepatic Impairment:
  For patients with liver or kidney problems (e.g., creatinine clearance below 40 mL/min), the initial dose should be 5 mg per day, with careful monitoring for potential accumulation. Bisoprolol is not dialyzed, so dose replacement is unnecessary for patients undergoing dialysis.

• Elderly:
  Usually, no dose adjustment is necessary for older adults unless they have significant liver or kidney dysfunction.

Always follow the guidance of a registered healthcare provider when taking this medicine.

Drug Interactions

• Other Beta-blockers:
  Bisocor should not be combined with other beta-blockers.

• Catecholamine-Depleting Drugs:
  Caution is advised when using Bisocor with medications like reserpine or guanethidine, as this may lead to excessive reduction in sympathetic activity.

• Centrally Active Antihypertensive Drugs:
  Discontinuation of clonidine may cause rebound hypertension. When combining Bisocor with clonidine, Bisocor should be withdrawn several days before clonidine discontinuation.

• Antiarrhythmic Agents & Calcium Channel Blockers:
  Bisocor must be used with caution when combined with calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil, diltiazem) or antiarrhythmic drugs, as it may cause dangerous prolongation of heart conduction and bradycardia (slow heart rate).

Contraindications
Bisocor should not be used in patients with:

• Cardiogenic shock
• Severe heart failure
• Second or third-degree A-V block
• Right ventricular failure due to pulmonary hypertension
• Sinus bradycardia

Side Effects
The side effects of Bisocor can vary from person to person. Some common side effects include:

• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Gastrointestinal issues (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain)
• Cold or numb extremities (e.g., hands, feet)
• Muscle weakness or cramps
• Bradycardia (slower heart rate)
• Breathing difficulties (especially in individuals with asthma or COPD)

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Pregnancy:
  While Bisoprolol was not teratogenic in animal studies, it has been associated with fetal toxicity (increased resorptions) at high doses. No studies are available in pregnant humans. Bisocor should only be used during pregnancy if the benefit outweighs the risk.

• Lactation:
  Bisoprolol has been detected in rat breast milk, but its presence in human breast milk is unknown. If Bisocor is necessary, breastfeeding should be discontinued.

Precautions & Warnings

• Renal & Hepatic Impairment:
  Use caution when adjusting Bisocor doses in patients with liver or kidney dysfunction.
• Anaphylactic Reactions:
  Patients with a history of severe allergic reactions may be less responsive to typical doses of epinephrine during anaphylaxis while taking Bisocor.

Therapeutic Class

• Anti-adrenergic agent (Beta-blocker)

Storage Conditions
Store Bisocor in a cool, dry place, away from light and heat. Ensure it is kept out of the reach of children.

Chemical Structure

• Molecular Formula: C18H31NO4
• Chemical Structure: [Chemical Structure of Bisoprolol Fumarate]

Common Questions about Bisocor 2.5 mg Tablet

• What is Bisocor 2.5 mg Tablet?
  Bisocor 2.5 mg is a beta-blocker used to lower blood pressure, reduce heart workload, and prevent chest pain.

• What is Bisocor 2.5 mg Tablet used for?
  Bisocor 2.5 mg is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), chest pain (angina), and heart failure.

• How should I take Bisocor 2.5 mg Tablet?
  Take Bisocor once daily, with or without food, preferably at the same time each day.

• What are the side effects of Bisocor 2.5 mg Tablet?
  Possible side effects include dizziness, fatigue, headache, slow heart rate, and breathing difficulties.

• Is Bisocor 2.5 mg Tablet safe to take?
  Bisocor is generally safe for most people. However, discuss any existing health conditions such as asthma, diabetes, heart issues, kidney, or liver problems with your healthcare provider before use.

• When should I take Bisocor 2.5 mg Tablet?
  It is best taken after food at the prescribed dose.

• How should I store Bisocor 2.5 mg Tablet?
  Keep Bisocor stored in a cool, dry place, and out of reach of children.

Quick Tips

• Dizziness: If you feel dizzy, rise slowly from a sitting or lying position.
• Diabetes Warning: Bisocor may mask symptoms of low blood sugar, so monitor your blood sugar levels regularly.
• Discontinuation: Do not stop taking Bisocor abruptly, as it could cause a sudden increase in blood pressure, raising the risk of heart attack or stroke.

Always consult a registered healthcare provider before taking any medication.