Calbo 500 mg

Description

Indications

Calbo Tablets (250 mg, 500 mg, and 1000 mg) are primarily used for the treatment and prevention of calcium deficiency in patients where dietary intake alone is insufficient. Calcium depletion may arise from conditions such as hypoparathyroidism, achlorhydria, chronic diarrhea, vitamin D deficiency, steatorrhea, sprue, pregnancy and lactation, menopause, pancreatitis, renal failure, alkalosis, and hyperphosphatemia.

Calbo Tablets (250 mg and 500 mg) are also frequently used in managing hyperphosphatemia, particularly in patients with chronic renal failure, including those undergoing dialysis treatments (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis). For patients on dialysis who are unable to tolerate sufficient doses for complete phosphate control, additional measures such as dietary phosphate restrictions or small doses of aluminum hydroxide may be necessary.

The 1000 mg tablet variant is indicated for the management of conditions associated with hyperacidity, such as acid indigestion, heartburn, sour stomach, and general upset stomach.

Note: Always follow the advice of a registered physician when using this medication.

Pharmacology

Calbo Tablets contain Calcium Carbonate, which acts as an antacid by reacting with gastric acid (hydrochloric acid, HCl) to form calcium chloride (CaCl₂), water (H₂O), and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The resulting increase in gastric pH helps decrease the activity of pepsin, the enzyme responsible for protein digestion in the stomach. This action is especially useful for controlling acidity and indigestion.

Around 30% of the oral calcium administered is absorbed by the body, which is essential for a variety of bodily functions, including bone health.

Dosage & Administration

For 250 mg or 500 mg tablets:

• As an antacid: The recommended daily dose for adults is between 540 mg to 2000 mg of Calcium Carbonate. For children, this dosage is halved.
• As a dietary supplement for preventing calcium deficiency: The typical daily dose is between 1250 mg to 3750 mg of Calcium Carbonate (equivalent to 500 mg to 1500 mg of calcium). Dosages may vary based on the individual patient’s needs, particularly in cases of conditions like calcium deficiency, malabsorption, or parathyroid function issues.
• For pregnant or lactating women, the recommended daily intake of calcium is 1200-1500 mg.
• In chronic renal failure, calcium carbonate doses typically range from 2.5 to 9.0 gm per day, adjusted based on individual patient needs. It is recommended to take the calcium carbonate with meals for effective phosphate binding.

For the 1000 mg tablet:

• For acid indigestion: The recommended dosage is 2000 mg to 3000 mg per day, which can be repeated hourly if necessary or as prescribed by a physician.

Note: Always follow the advice of a registered physician when using this medication.

Interactions

• Digoxin and other cardiac glycosides: Calcium Carbonate may increase the cardiac effects of digoxin, especially if systemic hypercalcemia occurs.
• Tetracycline antibiotics: Calcium Carbonate can interfere with the absorption of tetracycline-based medications.
• Vitamin D therapy: In patients with chronic renal failure, calcium carbonate can affect vitamin D therapy and may require modification to prevent hypercalcemia.

Contraindications

Calbo Tablets should not be used in the following cases:

• Hypercalcemia (excessive calcium in the blood)
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hypercalciuria (excessive calcium in the urine)
• Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
• Concomitant digoxin therapy (monitor serum calcium levels carefully)

Caution should also be exercised in patients with sarcoidosis, renal disease, or cardiac conditions, as well as in those receiving cardiac glycosides.

Side Effects

Calbo Tablets may cause mild irritation to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and in some cases, constipation may occur. While hypercalcemia (high calcium levels) is rare, it can happen when large doses are given to patients with chronic renal failure.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Calbo Tablets are generally safe for use during pregnancy and lactation as calcium supplementation has been widely studied in these conditions. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any calcium-containing medication during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Use in Special Populations

• Children: Calcium carbonate has been widely used in children, especially those with chronic renal failure, and is proven to be both safe and effective.

• Elderly: Elderly patients with renal failure may experience constipation when taking calcium carbonate. Regular monitoring of serum calcium and phosphate levels is recommended for elderly individuals.

Therapeutic Class

• Minerals in Bone Formation
• Specific Mineral Preparations

Storage Conditions

Store Calbo Tablets in a cool, dry place at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.