Cavazide 150 mg+12.5 mg

Description

Indications

Cavazide tablets are prescribed for the management of hypertension in patients for whom combination therapy is appropriate.

Take the medication as prescribed by a registered healthcare professional.

Pharmacology

Irbesartan:
Irbesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, which works by blocking the vasoconstricting and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor formed from angiotensin I, is involved in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. By selectively binding to the AT1 receptor, Irbesartan inhibits these effects. It does not affect other hormone receptors or ion channels involved in cardiovascular regulation, nor does it interfere with ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) activity, allowing it to avoid the bradykinin-related effects seen with ACE inhibitors.

Hydrochlorothiazide:
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that works by increasing sodium and chloride excretion, leading to a reduction in plasma volume. This diuretic effect stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in increased aldosterone secretion, potassium loss, and a decrease in serum potassium. When combined with Irbesartan, it helps counteract the potassium loss, improving the overall therapeutic effect.

Dosage & Administration

For patients whose blood pressure is not sufficiently controlled by Irbesartan or Hydrochlorothiazide alone, Cavazide may be used. Cavazide is available in various dosages, including Irbesartan 150 mg with Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, 300 mg with 12.5 mg, and 300 mg with 25 mg.

The initial recommended dose of Cavazide is typically 150 mg/12.5 mg once daily. Dosing adjustments can be made after 2-4 weeks to ensure blood pressure is adequately controlled. The maximum effect is generally observed 2-4 weeks after initiating therapy.

For patients with renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 30 ml/min), the usual dose can be continued, but careful monitoring is advised. No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with hepatic impairment.

Take the medication as prescribed by a registered healthcare professional.

Interaction

Irbesartan:
Irbesartan has no significant interactions with drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, or CYP3A4). It is primarily metabolized by CYP2C9, and studies have shown no significant pharmacokinetic interactions when co-administered with warfarin (metabolized by CYP2C9). Irbesartan does not affect digoxin pharmacokinetics. However, caution is required when using Irbesartan with lithium due to the potential for increased serum lithium concentrations.

Hydrochlorothiazide:
Hydrochlorothiazide can interact with alcohol, barbiturates, narcotics, and other antihypertensive medications, which may increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension. It may also require dosage adjustments in patients using antidiabetic drugs.

Contraindications

Cavazide is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to Irbesartan or Hydrochlorothiazide, and in pregnant individuals.

Side Effects

Common side effects of Cavazide may include:

• Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, constipation, and jaundice.
• Central Nervous System: Dizziness, vertigo, and headache.
• Cardiovascular: Hypotension, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, and syncope.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Cavazide is contraindicated during pregnancy, particularly during the second and third trimesters, due to the potential for fetal harm. Irbesartan can cause fetal injury or death when used in pregnancy, and thiazides also appear in human milk. It is recommended to discontinue breastfeeding if the drug is essential.

Precautions & Warnings

Patients with renal artery stenosis, severe heart failure, or those whose renal function depends on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system should be closely monitored while on Cavazide. Caution is recommended when treating patients with heart failure, ventricular dysfunction, or cardiac arrhythmias. Regular monitoring of renal function and potassium levels is advised for patients at risk of hyperkalemia.

Therapeutic Class

Combined antihypertensive preparations.

Storage Conditions

Store below 30°C, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.