Cefixim 400 mg

Description

Indications
Cefixime is an orally active third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that exhibits strong bactericidal activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. It is indicated for treating the following acute infections caused by susceptible microorganisms:

• Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI): e.g., otitis media and other URTIs where the causative organisms are resistant to commonly used antibiotics or where treatment failure may present significant risks.
• Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: e.g., bronchitis.
• Urinary Tract Infections: e.g., cystitis, cystourethritis, pyelonephritis. Cefixime is effective against common pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella species, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive and negative), Moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase positive and negative), and Enterobacter species. Cefixime is highly stable against beta-lactamase enzymes, making it effective against organisms resistant to other cephalosporins and penicillins.

Pharmacology
Cefixime is a third-generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which leads to bacterial death. It is stable in the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes and remains effective against organisms resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The absorption rate is approximately 40-50%, whether taken with or without food.

Dosage & Administration

• Adults and Children over 10 years: 200-400 mg daily, based on the infection’s severity, administered either as a single dose or in two divided doses.
• Elderly: Same dosage as adults, but renal function should be assessed and adjusted in cases of severe impairment.
• Children:
  • 6 months to 1 year: 3.75 ml daily
  • 1-4 years: 5 ml daily
  • 5-10 years: 10 ml daily
  • Typhoid: 5 mg/kg body weight twice daily for 10-14 days
  • Children > 50 kg or > 10 years: Treat with the adult dose (200-400 mg daily).
• Renal Impairment: For patients with creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min, limit the daily dose to 200 mg. In patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, follow the same dose recommendation for creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min.

Interaction
Cefixime may increase prothrombin times, especially in patients receiving anticoagulants. Caution is advised when co-administering with blood thinners.

Contraindications
Patients with known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or any component of the formulation should not use Cefixime.

Side Effects
Common side effects are generally mild and transient:

• Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (more common at higher doses), nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and flatulence.
• Central Nervous System: Headache and dizziness.
• Hypersensitivity: Rash, itching, urticaria, drug fever, and arthralgia, usually resolving after discontinuation.
• Hematological: Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and eosinophilia, though rare and reversible.
• Liver and Renal: Mild and transient changes in liver and renal function tests.
• Miscellaneous: Genital pruritis and vaginitis.

Pregnancy & Lactation
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Cefixime should be used during pregnancy only if clearly necessary. It is unknown whether Cefixime is excreted in human milk, so caution is advised when administering it to nursing mothers.

Precautions & Warnings
Cefixime should be used cautiously in patients with known hypersensitivity to other drugs, especially in those with a history of penicillin allergy, as there may be a risk of cross-reactivity. If an allergic reaction occurs, discontinue treatment and manage accordingly. Careful use is also recommended for patients with significantly impaired renal function. Prolonged use may result in the overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms such as Clostridium difficile, leading to antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

Overdose Effects
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be considered. Cefixime is not significantly removed by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Clinical studies indicate that even large single doses of up to 2 g did not result in adverse reactions beyond those seen at the recommended doses.

Therapeutic Class
Third-generation Cephalosporins

Storage Conditions
Store below 30°C, away from light and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.

Chemical Structure
Molecular Formula: C16H15N5O7S2
Chemical Structure: See diagram of Cefixime Trihydrate.

Common Questions about Cefixime 400 mg Capsule

• What is Cefixime 400 mg Capsule?
  Cefixime 400 mg Capsule is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. It does not work against viral infections like the flu. It prevents bacteria from forming their protective cell walls, which are essential for their survival.

• What are the uses of Cefixime 400 mg Capsule?
  Cefixime 400 mg Capsule is used to treat and prevent urinary tract infections, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, as well as fungal and gonococcal infections.

• What are the side effects of Cefixime 400 mg Capsule?
  The most common side effects include diarrhea, abdominal pain, dark or clay-colored stools, swelling of the face and extremities, dizziness, heartburn, indigestion, redness of the skin, chest pain, sore throat, and unusual tiredness.

• How should I store Cefixime 400 mg Capsule?
  Store in a cool, dry place, away from light. Keep it out of the reach of children.

• Will Cefixime 400 mg Capsule work for colds and the flu?
  No, Cefixime is an antibiotic and does not treat viral infections such as the common cold or flu.

• Is it safe to take Cefixime 400 mg Capsule with food?
  Yes, Cefixime can be taken with food to prevent stomach upset.

Quick Tips

• Take Cefixime as prescribed, completing the full course even if you feel better.
• Avoid alcohol during treatment to reduce side effects.
• If side effects persist or worsen, consult your doctor immediately.