Cerox-A 250 mg

Description

Indications

Cefuroxime is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat infections caused by bacteria that are sensitive to this medication. It is indicated for:

• Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
• Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis (including beta-lactamase producing strains), or Streptococcus pyogenes.
• Acute Bacterial Maxillary Sinusitis.
• Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis.
• Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections.
• Urinary Tract Infections.
• Gonorrhoea (Uncomplicated).
• Community-Acquired Pneumonia.
• MDR Typhoid Fever.
• Early Lyme Disease.
• Impetigo in pediatric patients.

Consult a registered healthcare provider for proper dosage and administration.

Pharmacology

Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with bactericidal properties. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This antibiotic is stable against many bacterial β-lactamases, making it effective against β-lactamase-producing strains that may resist other antibiotics like ampicillin or amoxicillin. It is active against a broad range of pathogens, ensuring effective treatment for various infections.

Dosage and Administration

Tablet or Suspension:

For Adults and Adolescents (13 years and older):

• Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 250 mg twice daily for 5-10 days.
• Acute Bacterial Maxillary Sinusitis: 250 mg twice daily for 10 days.
• Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis: 250-500 mg twice daily for 10 days.
• Secondary Bacterial Infections of Acute Bronchitis: 250-500 mg twice daily for 5-10 days.
• Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections: 250-500 mg twice daily for 10 days.
• Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: 250 mg twice daily for 7-10 days.
• Uncomplicated Gonorrhoea: A single dose of 1000 mg.
• Community-Acquired Pneumonia: 250-500 mg twice daily for 5-10 days.
• MDR Typhoid Fever: 500 mg twice daily for 10-14 days.
• Early Lyme Disease: 500 mg twice daily for 20 days.

For Paediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years):

• Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg/day twice daily for 5-10 days.
• Acute Otitis Media: 30 mg/kg/day twice daily for 10 days.
• Acute Bacterial Maxillary Sinusitis: 30 mg/kg/day twice daily for 10 days.
• Impetigo: 30 mg/kg/day twice daily for 10 days.

Parenteral:

For Adults:

• General Dosage: 750 mg, three times daily via IM or IV injection. In severe infections, the dosage may be increased to 1.5 gm three times daily by IV injection.
• Surgical Prophylaxis: 1.5 gm IV injection at induction of anesthesia, with additional doses as required.
• Community-Acquired Pneumonia: 1.5 gm IV injection twice daily for 2-3 days, followed by oral therapy for 7-10 days.
• Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis: 750 mg twice daily via IM or IV injection for 2-3 days, then followed by 500 mg twice daily orally for 5-10 days.

For Children:

• General Dosage: 30-100 mg/kg/day divided into 3-4 doses.
• Meningitis: 200-240 mg/kg/day IV injection, reduced to 100 mg/kg/day after 3 days.

For Neonates:

• General Dosage: 30-100 mg/kg/day divided into 2-3 doses.

Consult a registered healthcare provider for proper dosage and administration.

Interaction

No significant drug-drug interactions have been reported with Cefuroxime. However, caution is advised when used concurrently with certain medications such as:

• Diuretics & Antihypertensive Agents: Prior use of high-dose diuretics may result in volume depletion and potential hypotension.
• Potassium Supplements & Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: Concomitant use may lead to increased serum potassium levels.
• Lithium: Use with caution as Cefuroxime may elevate lithium levels.
• NSAIDs: Concomitant use may reduce the antihypertensive effect of Cefuroxime.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity: Contraindicated in patients with known allergies to cephalosporins.
• Pregnancy: Should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
• Lactation: Not recommended during breastfeeding due to the potential excretion in human milk.

Side Effects

Common side effects may include:

• Headache
• Dizziness or Light-headedness
• Fatigue
• Nausea & Vomiting

Less common effects may include:

• Anxiety
• Nervousness
• Belching & Heartburn
• Stomach Discomfort & Diarrhoea
• Muscle or Bone Pain
• Unusual Tiredness

Prolonged use of Cefuroxime may result in an overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, such as Candida.

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Pregnancy: Cefuroxime is classified as US FDA pregnancy category B. There is limited data on its use in pregnant women. It should only be used during pregnancy if absolutely necessary. If a patient becomes pregnant during treatment, the medication should be discontinued.

• Lactation: Cefuroxime is excreted in human milk. Caution is recommended when administering this drug to a breastfeeding mother.