Ciprocin 750 mg

Description

Indications:

Ciprocin is prescribed for the treatment of infections caused by either a single organism or a combination of two or more bacteria that are susceptible to its action. It is effective against infections caused by bacteria that may be resistant to other antibiotics such as Aminoglycosides, Penicillins, and Cephalosporins.

Use as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Pharmacology:

Ciprofloxacin, a synthetic quinolone, is a broad-spectrum anti-infective agent. It is primarily effective against a wide range of aerobic gram-negative bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ciprofloxacin also exhibits activity against gram-positive bacteria, including penicillinase-producing and methicillin-resistant staphylococci. However, certain strains of streptococci may show resistance to the drug.

The bactericidal effect of Ciprofloxacin is due to its interference with the enzyme DNA gyrase, essential for bacterial DNA synthesis. Following oral administration, it is absorbed quickly and effectively from the gastrointestinal tract, with a half-life of approximately 3.5 hours. The drug is widely distributed throughout body tissues and fluids. Within 24 hours, 30-50% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine, along with biologically active metabolites.

Dosage:

General Dosage Guidelines: The dosage of Ciprofloxacin is determined by the infection’s severity, the sensitivity of the causative organism, and the patient’s age, weight, and renal function.

• Adults: A typical dose ranges from 100-750 mg, taken twice daily.

  • Urinary tract infections: 250-500 mg twice daily (depending on severity).
  • Respiratory tract infections: 250-500 mg twice daily for both upper and lower respiratory infections. For Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, the recommended dose is 750 mg twice daily.
  • Gonorrhea: A single dose of 250-500 mg.
  • Other infections: 500-750 mg twice daily.

• Cystic Fibrosis: For adult patients with pseudomonal infections of the lower respiratory tract, the usual dose is 750 mg twice daily. Dosage may be adjusted based on body weight.

• Renal Impairment: For patients with severe renal impairment (serum creatinine >265 µmol/l or creatinine clearance <20 ml/min), the total daily dose may be halved, although dosage adjustments should be based on monitoring serum drug levels.

• Elderly: Although Ciprofloxacin serum levels are typically higher in elderly patients, no dosage adjustment is necessary.

• Children and Adolescents: Ciprofloxacin is not recommended for use in children and adolescents due to the risk of joint issues seen in immature animals. If its use is considered essential, the recommended dose is 7.5-15 mg/kg/day, split into two doses, based on infection severity.

Treatment Duration: The length of treatment depends on infection severity, clinical response, and laboratory results. For acute infections, the usual treatment duration is 5-10 days. Therapy should typically continue for at least three days after infection symptoms have resolved.

Extended-release Tablets: For uncomplicated urinary tract infections, a 1000 mg extended-release tablet is taken once daily for 3 days.

For IV Infusion:

• Urinary Tract Infections:
  • Mild to Moderate: 200 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
  • Severe or Complicated: 400 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
• Lower Respiratory Tract Infections:
  • Mild to Moderate: 400 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
  • Severe or Complicated: 400 mg every 8 hours for 7-14 days.
• Nosocomial Pneumonia: 400 mg every 8 hours for 10-14 days.
• Skin and Soft Tissue Infections:
  • Mild to Moderate: 400 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
  • Severe or Complicated: 400 mg every 8 hours for 7-14 days.
• Bone and Joint Infections:
  • Mild to Moderate: 400 mg every 12 hours for 4-6 weeks.
  • Severe or Complicated: 400 mg every 8 hours for 4-6 weeks.
• Intra-abdominal Infections (Acute Abdomen): 400 mg every 12 hours for 7-14 days.
• Acute Sinusitis: 400 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
• Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis: 400 mg every 12 hours for 28 days.

Use as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Administration Instructions for IV Infusion:

• Inspect the IV bag for leaks by gently squeezing the inner bag. Discard the solution if leaks are detected or the seal is compromised.
• Do not use if the solution is cloudy or contains precipitates.
• Avoid using flexible bags in series connections.
• Attach the administration set to the port at the bottom of the bag, ensuring a firm connection.
• Suspend the bag and establish proper fluid levels in the drip chamber during the infusion.
• Regulate the infusion rate using the flow control clamp.

Use as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Drug Interactions:

• Ciprofloxacin should not be taken simultaneously with magnesium or aluminum-based antacids, sucralfate, or products containing calcium, iron, or zinc. These should be taken either two hours after or six hours before Ciprofloxacin.
• Avoid concurrent use with milk or dairy products, as they can reduce the absorption of Ciprofloxacin.

Contraindications:

• Patients with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to Ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.

Side Effects:

• Gastrointestinal: Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain.
• CNS: Headache, dizziness, fatigue, confusion, convulsions, and potential retinal detachment.
• Hypersensitivity: Skin rash, pruritus, and in rare cases, severe reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
• Other Effects: Joint pain, photosensitivity, transient liver enzyme increases, and elevated serum bilirubin, urea, or creatinine levels.

Pregnancy & Lactation:

• Animal studies show no teratogenic effects, but Ciprofloxacin is not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks to developing joints in animals.
• Ciprofloxacin is secreted in breast milk, so it is advised against during breastfeeding.

Precautions & Warnings:

• Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of central nervous system (CNS) disorders like epilepsy or arteriosclerosis, as Ciprofloxacin may increase the risk of seizures.
• Avoid taking Ciprofloxacin with magnesium/aluminum antacids, sucralfate, or dairy products. These can significantly affect drug absorption.

Special Populations:

• Ciprofloxacin is not the first choice for pediatric use.

Overdose Effects:

• Overdose may result in seizures, confusion, hallucinations, gastrointestinal distress, and renal or hepatic impairment.

Therapeutic Class:

• 4-Quinolone Preparations, Anti-diarrhoeal Antimicrobial Drugs

Storage:

• Store below 30°C, away from light and moisture, and out of the reach of children.