Cloram 1%

Indications: Cloram is indicated for the treatment of ocular infections involving the conjunctiva and/or cornea caused by Cloram-susceptible organisms, such as:

• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• E. coli
• H. influenzae
• Klebsiella/Enterobacter spp.
• Moraxella lacunata
• Neisseria species

Pharmacology: Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It interferes with the transfer of activated amino acids from soluble RNA to ribosomes, preventing bacteria from forming proteins necessary for their growth.

Dosage & Administration:

• Adults and Children:
  Instill 1 or 2 drops into the conjunctival sac 4-6 times per day for the first 72 hours, then reduce the frequency to every 4 hours thereafter.
  • Treatment should continue for approximately 7 days, but should not exceed 3 weeks without re-evaluation by a physician.

Interaction:

• Chymotrypsin: May be inhibited if given simultaneously with Cloram.

Contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity to Chloramphenicol or any ingredient in the preparation.

Side Effects:

• Generally, systemic adverse reactions have not been observed with short-term topical use.
• The most frequently reported adverse effects include:
  • Burning or stinging
  • Conjunctival hyperemia (redness)
  • Blood dyscrasia (e.g., granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, moderate anemia)
  • Allergic or inflammatory reactions
  • Vesicular and maculopapular dermatitis (skin reactions)

Pregnancy & Lactation:

• Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been established.
• Use should only occur when considered essential by a physician.

Precautions & Warnings:

• Cloram should not be used for minor infections or prophylaxis.
• Repeated courses or prolonged treatment should be avoided to reduce the risk of side effects like blood dyscrasias.
• Blood dyscrasias such as granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and moderate anemia may occur after prolonged use of the ophthalmic solution.

Overdose Effects:

• Accidental ingestion of Cloram is unlikely to cause toxicity due to the low content of antibiotic in the solution.

Therapeutic Class:

• Ear Anti-Infectives & Antiseptics
• Eye Anti-Infectives & Antiseptics
• Macrolides

Storage Conditions:

• Store in a cool place between 2°C-8°C and in a dry area.
• Protect from light and keep out of the reach of children.
• Do not touch the dropper tip to any surface, as this can contaminate the solution.
• Do not use after 30 days from the first opening of the bottle.