Filin 100 mg

Description

Aminophylline

Indications
Aminophylline is indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of bronchospasm associated with asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. It is also used in adults for the treatment of cardiac asthma and left ventricular or congestive cardiac failure.
Use only as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Pharmacology
Aminophylline is a combination of theophylline and ethylenediamine. While ethylenediamine itself is inactive, it enhances the solubility of theophylline in water. Theophylline acts by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles. Its suggested mechanisms of action include:

• Increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) through inhibition of phosphodiesterase
• Adenosine receptor antagonism
• Prostaglandin antagonism
• Effects on intracellular calcium

Dosage & Administration
Oral (Chronic Bronchospasm):

• Adults: Initially, 225-450 mg twice daily, with adjustments as necessary.
• Children (over 3 years): As modified-release hydrate, 12 mg/kg daily, increased to 24 mg/kg daily in two divided doses after one week.

Intravenous (Acute Severe Bronchospasm):

• Adults:
  • Loading dose: 5 mg/kg (ideal body weight) or 250-500 mg (25 mg/ml) via slow injection or infusion over 20-30 minutes.
  • Maintenance infusion: 0.5 mg/kg/hr. Maximum rate: 25 mg/min.
• Children:
  • Loading dose: Same as adult dosage.
  • Maintenance dose:
    • 6 months to 9 years: 1 mg/kg/hr
    • 10 to 16 years: 0.8 mg/kg/hr
• Elderly: Dose reduction may be necessary.
• Hepatic Impairment: Dose reduction may be required.
  Use only as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Administration
Aminophylline tablets should be swallowed whole and not chewed to maintain their intended release properties.
Use only as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Contraindications
Aminophylline should not be administered to patients with:

• Hypersensitivity to xanthines or ethylenediamine
• Active peptic ulcer, as it may increase gastric acid secretion

Side Effects
Common adverse effects include:

• Gastrointestinal: Gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hematemesis (vomiting blood), epigastric pain
• Neurological: Tremors (early sign of toxicity), headache, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, twitching, convulsions, reflex hyperexcitability
• Cardiovascular: Palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, circulatory failure, ventricular arrhythmias
• Others: Flushing, albuminuria (protein in urine), diuresis (increased urine output), hematuria (blood in urine), inappropriate ADH syndrome

With high doses, severe toxicity may manifest as seizures or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Pregnancy: The use of Aminophylline in pregnant women should be carefully considered, balancing the risk of uncontrolled respiratory disease against potential fetal risks.
• Lactation: Aminophylline is excreted in breast milk; therefore, its use should be weighed against potential effects on the infant.

Precautions & Warnings
Aminophylline should be used with caution in patients with:

• Peptic ulcer disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypertension
• Cardiac arrhythmias or other cardiovascular diseases
• Epilepsy

Caution is also advised in patients with:

• Heart failure
• Hepatic dysfunction
• Chronic alcoholism
• Acute febrile illness
• Neonates and elderly individuals, as they may have reduced theophylline clearance, leading to increased serum levels and prolonged drug effects.

Therapeutic Class

• Bronchodilator
• Methylxanthine derivatives
• Respiratory stimulants (analeptics)
• Theophylline & related drugs