Filin IV Injection 125 mg/5 ml

Description

Indications
Aminophylline is indicated for the treatment and prophylaxis of bronchospasm associated with asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. It is also used in adults for the treatment of cardiac asthma and left ventricular or congestive cardiac failure.
Use only as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Pharmacology
Aminophylline is a combination of theophylline and ethylenediamine. While ethylenediamine itself is inactive, it enhances the solubility of theophylline in water. Theophylline exerts its effects by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles. The proposed mechanisms of action include:

• Increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) through phosphodiesterase inhibition
• Antagonizing adenosine receptors
• Inhibiting prostaglandins
• Modulating intracellular calcium levels

Dosage & Administration

Oral (Chronic Bronchospasm):

• Adults: Initially, 225-450 mg twice daily, with adjustments as necessary.
• Children (above 3 years): As modified-release hydrate, 12 mg/kg daily, increased to 24 mg/kg daily in two divided doses after one week.

Intravenous (Acute Severe Bronchospasm):

• Adults:
  • Loading dose: 5 mg/kg (ideal body weight) or 250-500 mg (25 mg/ml) via slow injection or infusion over 20-30 minutes.
  • Maintenance infusion: 0.5 mg/kg/hr. Maximum rate: 25 mg/min.
• Children:
  • Loading dose: Same as adult dosage.
  • Maintenance dose:
    • 6 months to 9 years: 1 mg/kg/hr
    • 10 to 16 years: 0.8 mg/kg/hr
• Elderly: Dose reduction may be necessary.
• Hepatic Impairment: Dose reduction may be required.
  Use only as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Administration
Aminophylline tablets should be swallowed whole and not chewed, as this may alter the intended drug release properties.
Use only as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Contraindications
Aminophylline should not be used in individuals with:

• Hypersensitivity to xanthines or ethylenediamine
• Active peptic ulcer disease, as it can increase gastric acid secretion

Side Effects
The most common adverse effects include:

• Gastrointestinal: Gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hematemesis (vomiting blood), epigastric pain
• Neurological: Tremors (early sign of toxicity), headache, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, twitching, convulsions, reflex hyperexcitability
• Cardiovascular: Palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, circulatory failure, ventricular arrhythmias
• Other Effects: Flushing, albuminuria (protein in urine), diuresis (increased urine output), hematuria (blood in urine), inappropriate ADH syndrome

High doses may lead to severe toxicity, with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias or seizures.

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Pregnancy: Aminophylline use during pregnancy should be carefully considered, balancing the need for asthma control with potential risks to the fetus.
• Lactation: As Aminophylline is excreted in breast milk, its potential impact on the infant should be considered before use.

Precautions & Warnings
Aminophylline should be used with caution in individuals with:

• Peptic ulcer disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypertension
• Cardiac arrhythmias or other cardiovascular conditions
• Epilepsy

It should also be used cautiously in patients with:

• Heart failure
• Hepatic impairment
• Chronic alcoholism
• Acute febrile illness
• Neonates and elderly individuals, as they may have decreased theophylline clearance, resulting in prolonged drug effects.

Therapeutic Class

• Bronchodilator
• Methylxanthine derivatives
• Respiratory stimulants (analeptics)
• Theophylline & related drugs