Glycovent 25 mcg/ml

Description

Indications
Glycopyrrolate respirator solution is indicated for long-term maintenance treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema.

Pharmacology
Glycopyrrolate is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist with a similar affinity for the subtypes of muscarinic receptors M1 to M5. In the airways, it works by inhibiting the M3 receptor at the smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation.

Dosage & Administration
Glycopyrrolate nebulizer solution is intended only for inhalation using a high-efficiency mesh nebulizer and should not be taken orally or administered parenterally. The recommended dose is the inhalation of the contents of one ampoule twice daily, once in the morning and once in the evening, using a high-efficiency mesh nebulizer. The ampoule should always be used at the same time each day. Do not exceed one ampoule twice daily. To use, open the packet and remove the blister. Carefully separate an ampoule from the blister and twist off the top. Hold the ampoule upright, then squeeze the solution into the nebulizer chamber. If dilution is necessary, follow the doctor’s instructions. The ampoule should be stored in its blister foil until it’s time for use. Do not store above 25°C.

Interaction
In clinical studies, the concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate and other commonly used COPD treatments, including sympathomimetics (beta-2 agonists), anticholinergics (short-acting), and steroids (oral and inhaled), showed no significant increase in adverse drug reactions. There is potential for an additive interaction with other anticholinergic medications, so it is recommended to avoid unnecessary co-administration of glycopyrrolate with other anticholinergic drugs as this may increase anticholinergic effects.

Contraindications
Glycopyrrolate is contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to glycopyrrolate or any of the ingredients, including Sodium Chloride, Citric Acid Monohydrate, Sodium Hydroxide, Hydrochloric Acid, and Water for Injection.

Side Effects
Common adverse reactions include shortness of breath, urinary tract infection, wheezing, upper respiratory tract infection, runny nose, and fatigue.

Pregnancy & Lactation
There are no adequate or well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Glycopyrrolate should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the patient outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. Glycopyrrolate is not recommended for use in children.

Precautions & Warnings
Do not initiate in acutely deteriorating COPD or to treat acute symptoms. Paradoxical bronchospasm may occur. If this happens, discontinue the glycopyrrolate nebulizer solution and initiate alternative therapy. Narrow-angle glaucoma may worsen. Use with caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, and patients should immediately contact a physician if symptoms occur. Urinary retention may worsen. Use with caution in patients with prostatic hyperplasia or bladder neck obstruction, and patients should consult a physician immediately if symptoms occur. The product contains no preservatives, so a fresh ampoule should be used for each dose, and the ampoule should be opened immediately before administration.

Overdose Effects
An overdose of glycopyrrolate may result in anticholinergic effects, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lightheadedness, blurred vision, increased intraocular pressure (causing eye pain or vision disturbances), obstipation (difficulty in bowel movements), and difficulties in urination.

Therapeutic Class
Bronchodilator

Storage Conditions
Store in a dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and keep out of the reach of children.