Glyriva 50 mcg

Description

Indications
Glyriva inhalation capsule is a once-daily maintenance bronchodilator designed to relieve symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Use only as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Pharmacology
Glycopyrronium is a long-acting antimuscarinic agent (anticholinergic) that binds to muscarinic receptors M1 to M5. In the airways, inhibition of M3-receptors in smooth muscles results in bronchodilation. The drug’s high potency and slow receptor dissociation provide significant and long-acting relief for COPD patients.

Dosage & Administration

• The recommended dose is one inhalation capsule (50 mcg) once daily using the designated inhalation device.
• It should be taken at the same time each day by oral inhalation.
• If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered, but no more than once in 24 hours.
  Use only as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Interaction

• No specific interaction studies have been conducted with inhaled anticholinergic drugs; therefore, concurrent use is not recommended.
• However, Glyriva has been used with sympathomimetic bronchodilators, methylxanthines, oral and inhaled steroids in COPD treatment without clinical evidence of interactions.
• Co-administration with indacaterol (a β2-adrenergic agonist) does not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of either drug.

Contraindications
Glyriva is contraindicated in patients with:

• Hypersensitivity to glycopyrronium or any excipients of the formulation.

Side Effects
Common side effects:

• Dry mouth, cough, nasopharyngitis, vomiting, musculoskeletal pain, neck pain, diabetes mellitus, gastroenteritis, insomnia.

Less common side effects:

• Paradoxical bronchospasm, dysphonia, angioedema, hypersensitivity, pruritus, sinus congestion, throat irritation.

In elderly patients (above 75 years):

• Higher incidence of urinary tract infections and headaches.

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Pregnancy: There are no well-controlled studies of Glyriva use in pregnant women with COPD. It should be used only if the expected benefit outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
• Lactation: It is unknown whether Glycopyrronium Bromide is excreted in human milk. Therefore, breastfeeding women should use it with caution and only if the benefit outweighs the potential risk to the infant.
• Fertility: Animal studies do not indicate any fertility concerns for males or females.

Precautions & Warnings

• This inhalation capsule is only for long-term maintenance therapy and not intended for acute bronchospasm relief.
• Not recommended for patients under 18 years of age.
• Use with caution in patients with:
  • Narrow-angle glaucoma
  • Urinary retention
• If allergic reactions occur, such as angioedema (swelling of the face, tongue, lips, or difficulty in breathing), hives, or skin rash, discontinue use immediately and seek alternative treatment.
• Paradoxical bronchospasm may occur, which can be life-threatening. If this happens, discontinue use and initiate alternative therapy.
• Patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²) or end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis should only use Glyriva if the benefit outweighs the risk.

Overdose Effects

• High doses may lead to anticholinergic symptoms, requiring symptomatic treatment.
• In COPD patients, repeated administration of 100-200 mcg daily for 28 days has been well tolerated.
• Accidental oral ingestion of Glyriva capsules is unlikely to cause acute toxicity.

Therapeutic Class

• Bronchodilator

Storage Conditions

• Do not swallow this capsule—use only with the designated inhalation device.
• Insert the Easycap into the Easyhaler for best performance.
• Remove the capsule from the blister immediately before use, as exposure to moisture may affect integrity.
• Store at a temperature below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture.