Indophyllin Tablet 100 mg

Description

Indications
Indophyllin is indicated for:

• Treatment and prevention of bronchospasm associated with asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis
• Cardiac asthma and left ventricular or congestive cardiac failure in adults

Use this medication only as directed by a registered physician.

Pharmacology
Indophyllin contains Aminophylline, a combination of Theophylline and Ethylenediamine. While Ethylenediamine is inactive, it enhances the water solubility of Theophylline. Theophylline works by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles through multiple mechanisms:

• Inhibition of phosphodiesterase, leading to an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP)
• Adenosine receptor antagonism
• Prostaglandin antagonism
• Modulation of intracellular calcium levels

Dosage & Administration

Oral Administration (Chronic Bronchospasm):

• Adults: 225-450 mg twice daily, with dosage adjustments if necessary.
• Children (Above 3 years): 12 mg/kg daily, increased to 24 mg/kg daily in two divided doses after one week.

Intravenous Administration (Acute Severe Bronchospasm):

• Adults:
  • Loading Dose: 5 mg/kg (ideal body weight) or 250-500 mg (25 mg/ml) administered slowly via injection or infusion over 20-30 minutes.
  • Maintenance Infusion Dose: 0.5 mg/kg/hr (maximum infusion rate: 25 mg/min).
• Children:
  • Loading Dose: Same as adult dose.
  • Maintenance Infusion Dose:
    • 6 months to 9 years: 1 mg/kg/hr
    • 10 to 16 years: 0.8 mg/kg/hr
• Elderly & Patients with Hepatic Impairment: Dose reduction may be necessary.

Administration Instructions:

• Tablets should be swallowed whole and not chewed, as their structure is designed for controlled release.

Use this medication only as directed by a registered physician.

Contraindications
Indophyllin should not be administered to patients with:

• Hypersensitivity to xanthine derivatives or ethylenediamine
• Active peptic ulcer, as it may increase gastric acid secretion

Side Effects
Common adverse effects include:

• Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain, gastric irritation, hematemesis
• Neurological symptoms: Headache, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, tremor, convulsions, reflex hyperexcitability
• Cardiovascular symptoms: Palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, ventricular arrhythmias, circulatory failure, flushing
• Renal effects: Albuminuria, diuresis, hematuria
• Other effects: Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) syndrome may occur in rare cases.

Severe toxicity may manifest as ventricular arrhythmias or seizures.

Pregnancy & Lactation
Use of Aminophylline in pregnant women should be carefully evaluated, balancing the benefits against the risks of uncontrolled respiratory disease.

Precautions & Warnings
Indophyllin should be used with caution in patients with:

• Peptic ulcer disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypertension
• Cardiac arrhythmias or other cardiovascular diseases
• Epilepsy

Caution is also advised for patients with:

• Heart failure
• Liver dysfunction
• Chronic alcoholism
• Acute febrile illness
• Neonates and the elderly, as Theophylline clearance may be reduced, leading to higher serum concentrations and prolonged half-life.

Therapeutic Class

• Bronchodilator
• Methyl xanthine derivatives
• Respiratory stimulants (Analeptics)
• Theophylline & related drugs