Zeropain 10 mg

Description

Indications Zeropain is prescribed for the short-term relief of moderate to severe acute post-operative pain. The ophthalmic solution is used to alleviate pain, inflammation, and sensitivity to light following ocular surgery. Additionally, it may help reduce eye inflammation or redness caused by seasonal allergies.

Description Zeropain belongs to the pyrrolo-pyrrole class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Its chemical name is 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid, combined with 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (1:1). It works by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and functions as a peripherally acting analgesic. The biological activity is primarily associated with the S-form of the drug. Zeropain exhibits linear pharmacokinetics, is highly protein-bound, and undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver. Metabolites and a small portion of the unchanged drug are excreted through urine.

Pharmacology Ketorolac Tromethamine is a potent analgesic from the NSAID class. It exerts its effects by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme system, thereby reducing prostaglandin synthesis. At analgesic doses, it exhibits minimal anti-inflammatory activity.

Dosage & Administration

• Tablet: The recommended oral dose is 10 mg every 4-6 hours. It is intended for short-term use only (up to 7 days) and is not recommended for chronic administration. Daily doses should not exceed 40 mg.
• Injection:
  • Single-Dose Treatment:
    • Intramuscular (IM) Dosing (Adults)
      • Patients under 65 years: 60 mg as a single dose.
      • Patients over 65 years, with renal impairment, or weighing less than 50 kg: 30 mg as a single dose.
    • Intravenous (IV) Dosing (Adults)
      • Patients under 65 years: 30 mg as a single dose.
      • Patients over 65 years, with renal impairment, or weighing less than 50 kg: 15 mg as a single dose.
    • Pediatric Dosing (2 to 16 years)
      • IM: 1 mg/kg (maximum 30 mg per dose).
      • IV: 0.5 mg/kg (maximum 15 mg per dose).
  • Multiple-Dose Treatment:
    • Patients under 65 years: 30 mg every 6 hours (maximum 120 mg/day).
    • Patients over 65 years, with renal impairment, or weighing less than 50 kg: 15 mg every 6 hours (maximum 60 mg/day).
    • For breakthrough pain, increasing the dose or frequency is not recommended.
  • Transition from Injectable to Oral Therapy:
    • The total combined daily dose of Ketorolac (oral + injectable) should not exceed 120 mg in younger adults or 60 mg in elderly patients on the transition day. Subsequent oral dosing should not exceed 40 mg daily. The total treatment duration (both injectable and oral) should not exceed 5 days.
• Eye Drops:
  • Adults: Instill one drop into each affected eye four times daily.

Drug Interactions

• NSAIDs and Aspirin: May increase side effects.
• Anticoagulants: Enhanced anticoagulant effects.
• Beta Blockers: May reduce antihypertensive effects.
• ACE Inhibitors: Increased risk of renal impairment.
• Methotrexate: May increase methotrexate toxicity.

Contraindications Ketorolac is contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to the drug or other NSAIDs. It should not be administered to children under 16 years or used as a preoperative analgesic.

Side Effects Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, melena, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, drowsiness, headache, fatigue, bradycardia, hypertension, palpitations, chest pain, female infertility, and pulmonary edema.

Pregnancy & Lactation Ketorolac Tromethamine is classified as a Pregnancy Category C drug by the US FDA. It should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks to the fetus.

Precautions & Warnings

• Caution is advised for patients over 65 years of age.
• Use with care in individuals with active or suspected peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, asthma, or liver dysfunction.
• Eye Drops: If signs of corneal epithelial breakdown occur, discontinue use immediately and monitor corneal health. The ophthalmic solution should not be used while wearing contact lenses.

Therapeutic Class Used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and as a non-opioid analgesic.

Storage Conditions Store in a dry place, away from heat and direct light. Keep out of reach of children.