Minomal R 350 mg

Description

Indications
Aminophylline is used for the treatment and prevention of bronchospasm associated with asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. It is also indicated for adults in the management of cardiac asthma and left ventricular or congestive cardiac failure.
Use only as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Pharmacology
Aminophylline is a combination of theophylline and ethylenediamine, where ethylenediamine enhances the solubility of theophylline in water. Theophylline exerts its effect by relaxing bronchial smooth muscles through multiple mechanisms:

• Inhibition of phosphodiesterase, increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP)
• Adenosine receptor antagonism, reducing bronchoconstriction
• Prostaglandin antagonism, reducing inflammation
• Intracellular calcium modulation, stabilizing muscle contractions

Dosage & Administration

Oral (Chronic Bronchospasm):

• Adults: Initially, 225-450 mg twice daily, with dosage adjustments as necessary.
• Children (above 3 years): 12 mg/kg daily, increasing to 24 mg/kg daily in two divided doses after one week (as modified-release hydrate).

Intravenous (Acute Severe Bronchospasm):

• Adults:
  • Loading dose: 5 mg/kg (ideal body weight) or 250-500 mg (25 mg/ml) via slow injection or infusion over 20-30 minutes.
  • Maintenance infusion: 0.5 mg/kg/hr. Maximum rate: 25 mg/min.
• Children:
  • Loading dose: Same as adult dosage.
  • Maintenance dose:
    • 6 months to 9 years: 1 mg/kg/hr
    • 10 to 16 years: 0.8 mg/kg/hr
• Elderly & Hepatic Impairment: Dose reduction may be required.
  Use only as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Administration
Aminophylline tablets should be swallowed whole and not chewed, as chewing may alter the drug’s release properties.
Use only as directed by a registered healthcare professional.

Contraindications
Aminophylline should not be used in individuals with:

• Hypersensitivity to xanthines or ethylenediamine
• Active peptic ulcer disease, as it may increase gastric acid secretion

Side Effects
Common side effects may include:

• Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hematemesis (vomiting blood), epigastric pain, gastric irritation
• Neurological: Tremors (early toxicity sign), headache, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, twitching, convulsions, reflex hyperexcitability
• Cardiovascular: Palpitations, tachycardia, hypotension, circulatory failure, ventricular arrhythmias
• Other Effects: Flushing, albuminuria (protein in urine), diuresis (increased urine output), hematuria (blood in urine), inappropriate ADH syndrome

In high doses, toxicity may present as severe ventricular arrhythmias or seizures.

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Pregnancy: The use of Aminophylline during pregnancy should be carefully evaluated, weighing benefits against potential risks.
• Lactation: As the drug is excreted in breast milk, caution should be exercised before use in breastfeeding mothers.

Precautions & Warnings
Aminophylline should be used with caution in individuals with:

• Peptic ulcer disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypertension
• Cardiac arrhythmias or other cardiovascular conditions
• Epilepsy

Additionally, caution is advised in patients with:

• Heart failure
• Hepatic dysfunction
• Chronic alcoholism
• Acute febrile illness
• Neonates and elderly patients, as they may have decreased theophylline clearance, leading to prolonged drug effects.

Therapeutic Class

• Bronchodilator
• Methylxanthine derivatives
• Respiratory stimulants (analeptics)
• Theophylline & related drugs